2024 10:24 , Apr . 28 Terug na lys

Lithium-ion Battery Manufacturing Front to End

China’s LIB Manufacturing Processes, based on findings from Huaxi Securities.

Coating machines account for 80% of capital expenditure in front end. (Total capex RMB60–80 million/GWh)
Winding/stacking machines account for 70% of capital expenditure in middle end. (Total capex RMB60–80 million/GWh)
Cell Formation and ageing account for 70% of capital expenditure in back end. (Total Capex RMB60 million/GWh)
Cell chemistries have more to do with front end electrode fabrication.
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Cell Formats have more to do with middle end cell assembly.
Different packing (cell-to-pack CTP/blade batteries) have more to do with back end cell packing.

Technological innovation to increase efficiency and lower costs.

Integrating several processes into 1 complex machinery

This increases manufacturing efficiency, measured in terms of productivity per minute (PPM), accuracy and production yield.
Technological innovation achieving tighter-packed electrodes and reducing battery burr. (See winding and packing technologies below).

Expanding production volume also plays a key role in battery cost reduction. Batteries Journal (2022) argues that economies of scale can achieve 31% reduction in cell production cost.
Labour cost is one of the most important factor of difference in total cell production cost (ex. material costs). This is driving automation within LIB manufacturing processes.
E.g. Labour costs in Poland contributes to US$6/kWh to total cell costs while labour costs in Germany contributes US$25.6/kWh.

Location also varies the production cost, varying from US$106.4/kWh in China to US$153.6/kWh in Norway. (dollar amounts referring to total cell cost).
Energy cost differential also makes a difference. Industrial electricity cost for cell production in Sweden is US$1.4/kWh. That value is US$6.9/kWh in Germany.

End of Bullet-point summary. Below is a detailed deep-dive into LIB cell manufacturing.

Background

When it comes to the cost of an EV battery cell (2021: US$101/kWh), manufacturing and depreciation accounts for 24%, and 80% of worldwide Li-ion cell manufacturing takes place in China.

Top 3 Li-ion battery manufacturing countries

Deel

Lithium Ion Batteries and Their Manufacturing Challenges

Jongste nuus

Lithium-ion Battery Manufacturing Front to End

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Background